Chinese phonetic alphabet writing order

Chinese Pinyin uses Latin letters and some additional symbols to express the pronunciation of Chinese. Corresponding to the division of Chinese syllable structure in Chinese phonology (modern phonology), the formal composition of Chinese pinyin is also divided into three parts: initials, finals and tones. The following are 26 pinyin alphabets carefully compiled by Xiaobian for everyone. Welcome to read.

26 phonetic alphabets

Chinese phonetic alphabet:

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

Chinese phonetic initials:

B [Bo] p [Po] m [Mo] f [Buddha] d [De] t [Te] n [Ne] l [Le] g [Ge] k [Ke] h [Drink] j [Base] q [Cheat] x [Xi] z [Zi] c[; Female] s [thinking] r [day] zh[ knowing] ch [scoffing] sh [poetry] y [medicine] w [witch]

Chinese phonetic vowels:

Single vowel a[ A] o[ Oh] e[ Goose] i[ Clothes] u[ Wu] ü [Tortuous]

The vowel ai[ ai] ei[ ai] ui[ Wei] ao[ ao] ou[ ou] iu[ you] ie[ ye] üe[ coconut] er[ er]

The vowel an[ an] en[ en] in[ cause] un[ temperature]

After nasal vowel ang[ ang] eng[ press] ing[ English] ong[ Yong]

Overall syllable recognition: zi ci si zhi chi Shi ri yi Wu Yu ying yun ye yue yuan

Tone symbol:

Level tone:-Level tone:/Up tone: ∨ Down tone: ﹨

According to the provisions of the Chinese phonetic alphabet, Chinese phonetic alphabet uses 26 modern basic Latin letters, which are case-sensitive, and the alphabetical order is consistent with the English alphabet. Among them, the letter V/v is specified in the scheme as “spelling loanwords, minority languages and dialects”. Since the actual function of hanyu pinyin is limited to spelling Mandarin Chinese, no one cares about this regulation now. However, the letter V/v, as a key, has now become a general keyboard alternative representation specified in the Specification for General Keyboard Representation of Chinese Pinyin Scheme for the letter ü, which cannot omit two additional symbols.

Sometimes it may be necessary to note that the font used in the release of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is Century Gothic, which is slightly different from the common Latin letters. The main differences are that there is no serif and the letter A is lowercase ι and the letter G is lowercase π. This habit has been used all the time, but the Chinese Pinyin Scheme itself does not specify which font to use. These two characters are mostly used in Chinese mainland’s regular linguistic monographs and publications on Chinese education and teaching Chinese as a foreign language, especially in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The main reason for making this design is that the students who are new to pinyin letters will also mechanically imitate the glyphs of common printed letters A and G when writing. However, with the popularization of English education in Chinese mainland, how to print has become harmless. Moreover, the scheme also stipulates: “The handwriting of letters follows the general writing habits of Latin letters.” It can be seen that the Chinese phonetic alphabet and other common basic Latin letters are not two sets of alphabets.

The Chinese Pinyin scheme also uses some additional symbols, mainly the tone symbol and the’ two-dot symbol on the letter ü. Although the number of combinations between the former and the letters is limited, the specific combination with which letter is actually temporary, because a tone symbol represents the change of the whole syllable, or, it represents a kind of “suprasegmental phoneme”; The latter is derived from the German vowel inflection letter (Umlaut), and the combination with the letter U fixedly represents a vowel ([y]). There is also an extremely rare additional symbol, which is used on e/z/c/s to form Mi///,which sequentially represents a single vowel ([]) and three fricative initials zh/ch/sh.

[alphabet]

[Letter] A A B B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W W X X Y Z

[Pronunciation (Pinyin)] Ab ê c ê d ê e ê f g ê ha yi jie k ê l ê m n ê o p ê qiu ar ê s t ê wu v ê wa xi ya z ê

[Pronunciation (phonetic notation)] ㄚㄅㄝㄘㄝㄜㄝㄈㄝㄝㄏㄚ𞡐ㄐ

Note: The pronunciation of letters should not be confused with the pronunciation of letters.

Initial consonant

Consonants at the beginning of each syllable in Chinese can form initials. There are 21 initial symbols stipulated in the Chinese phonetic alphabet “Initial List”.

However, there are not only 21 consonants at the beginning of Chinese syllables. In the actual language flow, semi-vowels, glottal sounds and some nasal sounds may become the leading sounds of a Chinese syllable. Phonology classifies these consonants as zero initial segments, and such as “an”, “ying”, “wen” and “yuan” are zero initial syllables. Because the hearing of consonants with zero initial is not very obvious, and Chinese Pinyin belongs to phoneme Pinyin rather than phoneme Pinyin, the Chinese Pinyin scheme does not recognize its initial position, and thinks that syllables with zero initial are syllables that start with vowels and have no initial but only vowels and tones.

The 21 initial consonant symbols specified in the Chinese Pinyin Scheme are arranged as follows according to the original order of the Initial consonant Table:

Letter b p m f d t n l

Pronunciation: touch the Buddha, and you will know the truth.

Letter g k h j q x

Pronunciation: I don’t know what to do, but I don’t know what to do.

Letter zh ch sh r z c s

Pronunciation, knowledge, poetry, education and thinking.

According to the scheme, zh/ch/sh can be omitted as//and ng can be omitted. However, these symbols are not commonly used.

According to the distribution of consonants corresponding to initials, they can be listed as follows (the international phonetic symbols in square brackets are for reference only):

A stop, an affricate, an affricate, and a nasal edge.

Voiced voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless voiceless.

No air supply, no air supply, no air supply

Double lip sound b [p] p [p] m [m]

Labial sound f [f]

Tongue tip pronunciation d [t] t [t] z [ts] c [ts] s [s] n [n] l [l]

The rolling tongue sound zh [t] ch [t] sh [] r []

Flat tongue sound j [t] q [t] x []

Tongue root sound g [k] k [k] h [x]

[vowel]

There are 37 vowels in the Pinyin of Mandarin Chinese. They are:

Monovowel vowel I

Yi u

(x) Uü

㈷㈷

Ah, ia

I’m sorry, ua.

Frog

Oh, uo

Wowo

Goose

ㄝㄝ ie

I don’t know.

Make a pact

ㆹㆹ

Compound vowel ai

Ai uai

It’s a mistake.

U(e)i

ㄨㄟ Wei

ㄠㄠ ao

What a waist

Ouiou

I’m excellent.

Nasal vowel an

ㄢ an ian

ㄢㄢ cigarettes uan

ㄨㄢ堲 An

Injustice

ㄣ Enien

ㄣㄣㄣ u(e)n

ㄨㄣㄣ Wen üen

Oh, my god.

ang

ㄤㄤㄤㄤ iang

ㄤㄤㄤㄤㄤ

ㄨㄤ Wang

eng

ㄥ Heng’s vowel, ieng.

ㄥㄥㄥ Engeng, or the same as ueng.

ㄨㄥ Weng Tong ONG

ong

ㄨㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥㄥ

Yong-Yong

[Note]:

1. The vowels of the words “Zhi, Chi, Shi, Japanese, Zi, Feminine and Si” are I.

3. The vowel ㄦ is written as er, and it is written as r when it is used as the ending of rhyme.

4. The vowel ㄝ is written as ㄝ when used alone.

5. When there is no initial in front of the vowel in column I, it is written as yi (Yi), ya (Ya), ye (Ye), yao (Yao), you (You), yan (Yan), yin (Yin), yang (Yang), ying (English) and yong (Yong).

6. The vowel of the U-column is written as wu (Wu), wa (frog), wo (nest), wai (crooked), wei (Wei), wan (curved), wen (Wen), wang (Wang) and weng (Weng) when there is no initial in front.

7. When there is no initial in front of the vowel in the ≤ column, it is written as yu (devious), yue (about), yuan (unjust) and yun (dizzy).

8. When the vowels in the ≤ column are spelled with the initials J, Q and X, they are written as ju (residence), qu (area) and xu (imaginary), but when they are spelled with the initials L and N, they are written as lü (LV) and nü (female).

9. When iou, uei and uen are preceded by initials, they are written as iu, ui and un. For example, niu (cattle), gui (return) and lun (theory).

Among them, there is only one vowel or one vowel with one nasal consonant. This vowel is called a rhyme belly, and the nasal consonant with it is called a rhyme ending. A vowel consisting of two vowels is a vowel with a large opening, the vowel before the vowel is called a rhyme head or an intermediate sound, and the vowel after the vowel is called a rhyme end. If there are three vowels or two vowels with a nasal consonant, the middle vowel is a rhyme, the first vowel is a rhyme, and the vowel or nasal consonant after the rhyme is a rhyme.

Someone once divided vowels into four categories according to the rhyme head, which are called four calls, namely, opening call (A, O, E), teeth-aligned call (I), closing call (U) and pinching call (ü). The vowel table of Chinese pinyin is arranged according to this. According to the scheme of Chinese Pinyin, when initial consonants are added before iou, uei and uen, they are written as iu, ui and un. For example, niu (cattle), gui (return) and lun (theory).

[tone]

There are four tones in Mandarin Chinese, and the four tone symbols are:

* the first sound, (level tone, or level tone, “”);

* the second sound, (rising tone, or rising tone, “ˊ”);

* the third tone, (upper tone, or upper tone, “ˇ”);

* the fourth tone, (falling tone, or falling tone, “ˋ”);

The rising tone symbol is written from the bottom left (lifting), and the falling tone symbol is written from the top left.

Light tone is out of tune in Chinese Pinyin. In some dictionaries, light tone is expressed by adding points before syllables.

Each Chinese character consists of a syllable composed of a vowel and an initial. Tone should be marked on the upper part of the vowel, which can be omitted for convenience.

The rules for the position of marked tones in Chinese Pinyin are as follows:

1. if there is a, mark it on a.

2. if there is no a, but there is o or e, mark it on these two letters. These two letters will not appear at the same time.

3. If there are no O and E, there must be I, U or ü. If I and U appear at the same time, they are marked on the second vowel. This is especially for ui and iu (the actual pronunciation of these two sounds should be uei and iou). If I and U do not appear at the same time, mark them on the vowel that appears.

Tones are all marked with the original tone, not the tone sandhi. However, in phonetic teaching, tone sandhi can be used as needed.

[Sound insulation symbol]

Χ, when syllables beginning with o and e are connected behind other syllables, if the boundaries of syllables are confused, they should be separated by sound insulation symbols (), such as Pí m ℉ o (fur coat), x ℉ ā n (Xi ‘an).

[Function]

Chinese Pinyin has played a great role in popularizing literacy and primary education. At the same time, it also provides a very important tool for etymology to compare Chinese with other languages. Compared with other rules of Chinese Latinization in the past, its rules are simpler and its pronunciation is more standardized than that of Putonghua. It systematically embodies the rules of Putonghua pronunciation.

With the popularization of computers, Chinese Pinyin is also a very common Chinese input method.

Because Chinese Pinyin is a system that only writes pronunciation, it can’t replace Chinese characters. It is very difficult to understand the article spelling Chinese characters with Chinese Pinyin, so it is not a formal writing method, but an auxiliary tool of Chinese. Hanyu Pinyin is a unified standard for romanization of Chinese, which is used in the field where Chinese characters are impossible or inconvenient.

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